Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *wes-(er/n-) (Ger w-)

Meaning: spring (season)

Old Indian: vasantá- m. `spring'

Avestan: loc. vaŋri 'im Frühling' (< *vasri)

Armenian: garun `Frühling'

Old Greek: éar, gen. éaros, att., ion.( Alk.) ǟ̂r-os n. `Frühling'; wéar <géar> = éar (Hsch.)

Slavic: *vesnā́

Baltic: *was-ar-ā̂ f.

Germanic: *wēz-á- n., *wárs=

Latin: vēr, gen. vēris n. `Frühling'

Celtic: *wesrāk- > OIr errach `Frühling'; *wesanteino- > OCymr guiannuin `Frühling', NCymr gwanwyn `Frühling', OCorn guaintoin `Frühling'

Russ. meaning: весна

References: WP I 310 f

Proto-IE: *weskʷer-, *wesper- (Gr hw-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: evening

Armenian: gišer `Nacht'

Old Greek: héspero-s m. `Abend'; héspero- `abendlich'; hespérǟ f. `Abend; Westen'

Slavic: *večerъ, *večerjā; *vьčerā

Baltic: *wakar-a- c.

Latin: vesper, gen. -eris/-erī m.; vespera f. `Abend'; vesper, -a `zum Abend gehörig'; vesperna f. `Abendessen'

Celtic: Cymr ucher `Abend'

Russ. meaning: вечер

References: WP I 311

Proto-IE: *west- (Gr hw-)

Meaning: hearth

Old Greek: hestíǟ (att., Pind., delph. etc.), ion. histíē, aeol., böot., lokr., dor, ark. histíā f. `Herd, Feuerstätte, Altar; Haus, Familie etc.'; die Göttin des Herdes

Latin: Vesta f. `Göttin des häuslichen Herdes'

Russ. meaning: очаг

References: WH

Proto-IE: *wet-

Meaning: calf, lamb

Old Indian: vatsá- `calf, young of an animal', savātár- `having the same calf'

Other Iranian: Iran > Votjak vetël `Kalb, zweijährige Kuh'

Old Greek: dial. étalo-n, ételo-n n. Bez. eines jungen Tieres (Jährling ?)

Germanic: *wíɵ-r-u- m.

Latin: vitulus, gen. -ī m. `Kalb; Meerkalb'

Other Italic: Umbr vitluf `vitulōs'

Celtic: *wet-si- > Ir feis `Sau, Schwein'; Corn guis `Sau, Schwein', MBret gues `Sau, Schwein'

Albanian: vitš Kalb

Russ. meaning: скот (телок / барашек)

References: WP I 251

Proto-IE: *wet- <PIH *w-> (Gr w-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: year; of last year

Hittite: witt- c. 'Jahr' (Friedrich 255)

Old Indian: vatsá-, vatsará- m. `year', par-ut `last year'

Armenian: heru `im vergangenen Jahre'

Old Greek: étos n., dial. wétos `Jahr', ion., att. pérüsi(n), dor. pérüti(n) `im vorigen Jahre'

Slavic: *vetъxъ(jь), *vьtъxъ

Baltic: *wet-uš-a- adj.

Germanic: *fir-d=

Latin: vetus, gen. -eris `alt', vetustus `id.', vetulus `der Alte'

Celtic: OIr on hurid `ab anno priore', Ir in-uraidh `im vergangenen Jahre'

Albanian: vjet Jahr

Russ. meaning: год; прошлогодний

References: WP I 251

Proto-IE: *wetsel-

Meaning: merry

Old Indian: vatsala- `kind, loving, tender'

Slavic: *veselъ(jь)

Russ. meaning: веселый

References: WP I 307 f (differently in Pok. and Vasmer)

Proto-IE: *(w)eum- <PIH *H->

Meaning: many, all

Hittite: humant- 'jeder, ganz, all' (Tischler 284-285)

Germanic: *ium-jan- n., *(w)ium-jan- vb, etc.

Latin: omnis, -e 'каждый, всякий; всевозможный; один лишь, сплошной; весь, целый, совокупный, полный'

Russ. meaning: много, все

References: Tischler 284-285.

Proto-IE: *wey- (Gr w-?)

Meaning: branch, rod

Old Indian: vayā́ f. `branch, twig'

Old Greek: {wiǟ́n = ámpelon, wión = anadendráda Hsch. - wanted! ?? euiádes = ámpeloi Hsch. - nowhere found!: Pok. might have in mind eu̯i̯akó- 'Bacchic', fem. eu̯i̯ás, -ádos ?}

Slavic: *vējā; *vētā, *vētɨ̄, -ъve; *vītь (Pol wić 'Gerte, Rute', Sloven vît 'Schraube', SrbCro pàvīt 'Wald-, Weinrebe', Slovinz vjĩc 'Weidenrute', Rus вить)

Baltic: *waĩ-r-a- c., *wai-r-ā̂ f., *wī̂-t-i- (2) c., *wī̂-t-iā̃ (2) f.

Latin: vītis, gen. -is f. `Weinrebe, -ranke'

Celtic: Ir fē `Rute'; OIr fēith 'fibra'

Russ. meaning: ветка, лоза

References: WP I 223 f

Comments: Cf. 'weave' and 'willow'.

Proto-IE: *weye- <PIH *Hʷ-> (Gr hw-)

Meaning: to drive

Hittite: huwai-/huja- (I,II) 'laufen, fliehen', Pal. huja- 'laufen lassen', huwat- 'Lauf' (? = Hitt. huda- c./n. 'Eile', Tischler 318), h.l. hu(i)yanta 'sie liefen' (Tischler 321 ff); hwitar n. (r/n) 'Tierwelt, Getier', Luw. huidwali- 'lebendig', Pal. [hui-]tumar- 'Lebewesen' (Tischler 269ff)

Old Indian: veti, 3 pl. vyánti `to go, approach, follow, lead', ptc. {vyāna-}, vītá- `gone, approached; desired, loved; straight, smooth', vītā f. `line, row', vīthi-, vīthī f. `row, line; street', vītí- f. `enjoyment, feast, meal'

Avestan: inf. vōi `zu erfreuen, zu gefallen', vāy- (väyeiti, vīvāiti `jagt weg', 3 pl. vyeinti) `verfolgen, jagen', vyāna- `der Verfolgte', vītar- `Verfolgter', vāiti- `Verfolgung'

Old Greek: hī́emai̯, aor. (e)éi̯sato `sich vorwärts bewegen, sich beeilen, styreben, begehren', ôi̯mo-s / hôi̯mo-s m. (/f.) `Streifen; Gang, Weg, Pfad; Landstreifen, Gegend', hom. iōkǟ́ f. `Angriff, Verfolgung', acc. iō̂ka `id.', iōkhmó-s m. `id.'; diṓkō, aor. diō̂ksai̯, diōkhthē̂nai̯ `verfolgen, wegtreiben, anklagen'; korinth. wiōkei `verfolgt'

Slavic: *po-vīnǭtī; *vītī `~ treiben'; *vojь, *vojīnā, *vītьje; *vīdlā; *vītātī `begrüssen, bewillkommen'; ? *vīxorь, -ь

Baltic: *wī̂- (*wej-a-) (2?) vb., *waj-u- c., *at=wej-a- c., *waj-ā̂- vb., *weî-s-ul-a-, -ia- (1)c., -ā̂ f., *weî-s-ō̂l-a- (1) c., *wi-dr-a- c., *wī̂-dr-ā

Germanic: *wái-ɵ-i- c., *wái-ɵ-ī(n-) f.; *wái-ɵ-ō f., *wái-ɵ-iō f.; *wī-d-a-, *wī-d-i- adj.

Latin: via f. `Weg', vēnārī `verfolgen ein Wild, jagen'; proelium n. (< *pro-woiliom) `Treffen, Gefecht, Kampf'; vītāre `meiden, vermeiden, ausweichen'

Other Italic: Osk víú, Umbr abl. vea, via `via'; Osk amvían(n)ud `Strassenviertel, Strasse'

Celtic: Ir fīad `wild', fīadach `Jagd'; Cymr gŵydd `wild', OCorn guit-fil `fera', Bret gouez `wild'

Russ. meaning: гнать(ся)

References: WP I 102 f, 228 f

Proto-IE: *weyǝ- (Gr w-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: strength, power

Old Indian: váyas- n. `enjoyment, energy, strength, vigour', vīḍáyati `to make strong or firm, strengthen', viveṣṭi, véṣati `to be active, act, work, perform'

Old Greek: ī́s, acc. ī́n/ī̂na, instr. ī̂phi f. `Kraft, Stärke'; *wī́-s: gís = himàs kaì gē̂ kaì iskhǘs Hsch.

Latin: vīs, acc. vim, abl. vī, pl. vīrēs, gen. -ium f. `Kraft, Stärke, Gewalt'

Russ. meaning: сила

References: WP I 228 f

Proto-IE: *weyǝ-, *wyē-; *wī-k'-

Meaning: to twist, to weave

Old Indian: váyati, ūyate `to weave, braid, plait' inf. ótum, vā́tave, aor. avāsīt, ptc. ūta-, uta-; vaya- m., vāya- m. `weaver, weaving', vyáyati `to cover, clothe, wrap, envelop', ptc. vītá-; véman- n. `loom'; veṇi-, veṇī f. `braided hair', veṇú-, véṇu- m. `bamboo, reed, cane'; paḍ-bīśa-, -vīśa-, -viṃśa- n. `fetter, esp. for the foot of a horse'

Old Greek: ? pl. eimádes = poiménōn oikíai Hsch.

Slavic: *vī́tī, *vь̀jǭ; *vītь, *vītīcā; *vēnīkъ, *vēnьcь; *vīljātī, *vīlīcā `Epheu'

Baltic: *wī̂- (*wej-a-) (2) vb., *wei-l-ā̂ f., *waĩ-n-ik-a-, -ag-, -ak- c., *wai-r-u- adj., *wij-ā̂ f., *wī-l-iā̃ f.

Germanic: *wí-ɵ-jō(n-) f., *wí-ɵ-ō/*wi-d-ṓ f., *wajj-u- c., *wai-g=

Latin: viēre `binden, flechten', vītilis `geflochten'; vitta f. `Kopfbinde der Opfertiere, der Priester, der freigeborenen Frau; Binde als Schmuck', vīmen, -inis n. `Rute zum Flechten, Flechtwerk'

Celtic: *weiti-: OIr fēith `fibra', imm-a-feithe `sepiri', imb-ithe `circumsaeptus'; Cymr gwden `vinculum, ligamen, virga contorta'; MIr fēithlend, Cymr gwyddfid `Epheu'

Russ. meaning: вить

References: WP I 223 f

Proto-IE: *weyǝt- (Gr w-)

Meaning: willow

Old Indian: veta- m. `cane, reed' (L.), vetasá- m. `ratan (Calamus Rotang) or a similar kind of cane, reed'; vetra- m. `a k. of large reed, prob. Calamus Rotang or Fasciculatus'

Avestan: vāeiti- 'Weide, Weidengerte'

Other Iranian: NPers bīd `willow'

Old Greek: ītéi̯ǟ, ītéǟ f. `Weide'; oi̯sǘǟ f. `lǘgos, Weide', ôi̯so-s (/ oi̯só-s) m. Weidenart, `Keuschlamm'

Slavic: *vītɨ̄, gen. -ъve; *vītь; *vītъlъ, *vītъlā, *vьtъlā

Baltic: *wī̆tw-ā, *wī̂t-ō̂l-[a]-, *wī̂t-ul-[a]- (2) c.

Germanic: *wīd-iṓ(n-) f., *wīd-iá- m., *wī́ɵ-ig-a- m., *wai[ɵ]=

Latin: vītex (~ -i-), gen. -icis `Keuschlam, Abrahamsbaum'

Russ. meaning: дерево (ива)

References: WP I 223 f

Comments: Contamin. with *wey- 'branch, rod' and 'to weave', or all these may be derivatives of the same ancient root.

Proto-IE: *wē- (Gr hw-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to thresh and winnow

Old Greek: hái̯nō `die Körner von den Streu reinigen', *an-wē-: ānéō `= ptíssō' Ar.+ (ā- in ē-dialects)

Slavic: *vḗjātī, *vḗjǭ (зерно)

Baltic: *wē̂t-ī̂- vb. (1)

Germanic: *wi-nɵ-a- vb., *wi-nd-ō- vb.

Latin: vannus, -ī f. 'веялка', vannō, -ere 'очищать веялкой, веять, провеивать'

Russ. meaning: веять (зерно)

References: Fraenkel

Comments: Probably different from *(a)wē- 'to blow', because Greek and Grm meanings make us to reconstruct not 'to winnow' merely, but 'to thresh and winnow', i.e. the whole of the cycle.

Proto-IE: *wēg'h-

Meaning: crawfish, scorpion

Old Indian: vāhaka- m., vāhyakī f. 'a partic. venomous insect'

Other Iranian: NPers gāz 'Beisszange, Biss', inf. gazīdan, gaštan 'beissen', mār-gašta- 'schlangengebissen', gaz-dum 'Skorpion'

Baltic: *wē̂ǯ-ia- c.

Russ. meaning: насекомое (рак, скорпион)

References: Fraenkel 1235 f

Proto-IE: *wēir-

Meaning: wire, metal adornment

Germanic: *wīr-a- m., *weir-ō f.

Latin: viriae, -ōrum f. `Art Armschmuck'

Russ. meaning: проволока, украшение из металла

References: WH

Proto-IE: *wēr- (Gr hw-)

Meaning: mad, crazy

Old Greek: hōrakiā̂n `in Ohnmacht fallen, schwindlig sein od. werden'

Germanic: *wēr-ō f., *wōr-i- adj.

Russ. meaning: сумасшедший

References: WP I 316

Proto-IE: *wēr- (Gr w-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: true, benevolent

Old Greek: ē̂ra phérẹ̄n, epì ē̂ra phérẹ̄n `jmdm. einen Gefallen tun', epí-ēro- `gefällig, angenehm, willkommen'

Slavic: *vḗrā

Germanic: *wēr-a- adj., *wēr-ia- adj.; *wḗr-ō f., *wēr-an- m., *war-ō(n-) f.

Latin: vērus, -a `wahr'; sevērus, -a `ernsthaft, gesetzt, streng, grausam'

Celtic: Ir fīr `wahr'; Cymr cywir `recht, treu, aufrichtig, wahr', gwir `wahr'

Russ. meaning: верный, благосклонный

References: WP I 286 f

Proto-IE: *widhew- <PIH *w->

Meaning: widow

Hittite: udati- (utati-) c. 'Witwe' (Friedrich 237)

Old Indian: vidhavā f. `widow'

Avestan: viδavā 'Witwe'

Old Greek: ǟítheo-s, att. ǟ́i̯theo-s m. `unverheiratet Jüngling, Jungeselle'

Slavic: *vьdovā, *vьdovъ(jь)

Baltic: *widew-ā̂ f.

Germanic: *widaw-ōn- f.

Latin: vidua f. `des Gatten entbehrend, Witwe'; viduus, -a `beraubt, leer; Witwer, Witwe; unverheiratet'

Celtic: OIr fedb `Witwe'; Cymr gweddw `Witwer', Corn guedeu `Witwe'

Russ. meaning: вдова, -ец

References: WP I 239 f

Comments: [Perhaps derived from *wyedh-?]

Proto-IE: *widh-u-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: wood, fire-wood, forest

Germanic: *wid-u- m., n.

Celtic: Gaul Uidu-casses; OIr fid, gen. feda `Baum, Holz, Wald'; Cymr gwydd, sg. gwydd-en `Baum, Holz, Wald', syb-wydd `Föhre', OCorn guid-en `Baum, Holz, Wald', Corn sib-uit `Föhre', Bret gwez, sg. `Baum, Holz, Wald'

Russ. meaning: деревья, дрова, лес

References: WP I 314

Proto-IE: *wi(n)g'-

Meaning: elm

Other Iranian: Kurd viz `elm'

Slavic: *vę̄zъ

Baltic: *win̂ǯ-s-n-ā̂, -iā̃ f., -ia- (2) c.

Germanic: *wīk-i- c.

Albanian: vidh, pl. -e m. `elm'

Russ. meaning: дерево (вяз)

References: WP I 314

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